FIGURE 3.
Effects of exogenous BHB and KD on disease activity index (A) and macroscopic damage index (B). These findings suggest that both KD and BHB interventions have a protective effect against colonic inflammation induced by DSS, with BHB showing a more pronounced effect in reducing disease activity and macroscopic damage indices. Significance between groups is indicated by pairwise comparisons. (Control and BHB groups: n = 6, cColitis group: n = 15, cColitis/BHB & cColitis/KD group: n = 12). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001.
